Ozone systems rely on precise concentrations and flow rates in air or water. Mastering the basic conversions and equations used in ozone technology is essential for optimizing system performance. This guide provides easy-to-use formulas and conversion factors to help calculate ozone concentrations, dosages, and flow rates accurately, ensuring the efficiency of ozone-based solutions in applications ranging from water treatment to air purification.
Ozone gas concentration converter
Convert between ppmv, mg/m³, g/Nm³ and wt%. Set temperature and pressure for indicative conversions. Carrier gas affects wt% and g/Nm³ conversion.
Ideal gas basis. Results are for initial reference and should not be used as a final design basis.
Results
Quick Reference Conversions
These are some of the most commonly used ozone conversion references for water treatment, gas phase concentration, and generator sizing.
Ozone Concentration in Water
- 1 mg/L = 1 ppm O₃
- 1 gram of ozone dissolved in 1 cubic metre of water equals 1 ppm concentration.
Ozone Concentration in Air
- 1 g/m³ O₃ = 467 ppmv O₃
- 1 ppmv O₃ = 2.14 mg/m³ O₃
Ozone Concentration in Oxygen by Volume
- 100 g/m³ O₃ ≈ 6.99% O₃ by volume
- 1% O₃ = 14.3 g/m³
- 1% O₃ ≈ 6,520 ppm
Other Common Conversions
- 100 g/m³ O₃ ≈ 7.8% O₃ by weight
- 1% O₃ = 12.8 g/m³
- 1% O₃ = 7,284 ppm
Ozone Dosage in Water
Ozone Production (mg/h) = Water Flow (GPM) × 3.78 × 60 × Dosage (ppm)
This is a simplified reference formula for estimating the ozone production rate required to achieve a target dissolved ozone dosage in flowing water. Actual system performance will also depend on transfer efficiency, contact conditions, and ozone demand.
Gas Phase Ozone Concentration in Oxygen Feed Gas
The table below shows approximate relationships between ozone concentration by weight, ozone concentration by volume, gas concentration in g/m³, and ozone productivity at 1 L/min gas flow.
| Weight % | Volume % | Concentration (g/m³) | Productivity (g/h at 1 L/min) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1% | 0.7% | 14.3 | 0.86 |
| 2% | 1.3% | 28.7 | 1.72 |
| 3% | 2.0% | 43.3 | 2.60 |
| 4% | 2.7% | 57.9 | 3.47 |
| 5% | 3.4% | 72.6 | 4.36 |
| 6% | 4.1% | 87.4 | 5.24 |
| 8% | 5.5% | 117.3 | 7.04 |
| 9% | 6.2% | 132.5 | 7.95 |
| 10% | 6.9% | 147.7 | 8.86 |
| 12% | 8.3% | 178.5 | 10.71 |
| 14% | 9.8% | 209.7 | 12.58 |
| 16% | 11.3% | 241.3 | 14.48 |
| 18% | 12.8% | 273.4 | 16.40 |
| 20% | 14.3% | 305.9 | 18.36 |
| 22% | 15.8% | 338.9 | 20.34 |
| 24% | 16.8% | 343.2 | 22.13 |
| 25% | 17.87% | 382.38 | 22.95 |
Determining Ozone Generator Output
Ozone Production (g/h) = Feed Flow Rate (L/min) × Ozone Concentration (g/m³) × 0.056
If the ozone concentration is 141.6 g/m³ and the oxygen flow rate is 6 L/min:
6 × 141.6 × 0.056 = 47.58 g/h
Sample Conversion
Convert 140 g/m³ to wt% for oxygen feed gas:
140 / 100 × 6.99 = 9.8 wt%
Physical Properties at Standard Conditions
- Ozone Density: 2.14 kg/m³
- Oxygen Density: 1.43 kg/m³
- Air Density: 1.29 kg/m³
- Water Density: 1 kg/m³
- Ozone Molecular Weight: 48 g/mol
- Oxygen Molecular Weight: 32 g/mol
Bunsen Coefficient and Ozone Solubility
The solubility of ozone in a liquid can be estimated using the Bunsen adsorption coefficient.
Cₛ = β × M × P
- Cₛ = concentration of dissolved gas (kg/m³)
- β = Bunsen adsorption coefficient
- M = gas density (kg/m³)
- P = partial pressure
The Bunsen coefficient represents the volume of gas absorbed per unit volume of liquid at normal temperature and pressure.
β = Vₛ / Vℓ
- Vₛ = volume of gas absorbed
- Vℓ = volume of liquid
These calculations are useful as a starting point for ozone system design, but actual performance will always depend on transfer efficiency, ozone demand, contact time, water quality, temperature, pressure, and overall system configuration.